by Faruk Hussein&Saadia Gani
This article explores the concept of Muttaqi leadership by applying the Maqasid methodology, which emphasizes the aspects of connectivity, holism, and purposefulness. Through this approach, we aim to extract Qur’anic values and objectives essential for fostering the growth and advancement of Muttaqi leadership. By examining the intersectionality and synergy of Qur’anic objectives, values, principles, universal laws, commands, and proofs, we seek to ignite and amplify taqwa-driven agency in leadership.
Muttaqi leadership emerges when the core Qur’anic values of taqwa (consciousness of Allah) and leadership intertwine. It encompasses a comprehensive set of criteria derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah that guide leaders in their responsibilities, effectiveness, and interactions. The intersection of Qur’anic objectives, values, and principles creates a framework that not only aligns Muttaqi leadership practices with Qur’anic commands but also enhances the agency and effectiveness of leaders. Let’s examine the implications of this intersectionality.
Islamic stewardship places the leader in a noble status as Allah’s ambassador or guardian, making leadership an act of ibadah (worship). The Qur’an states, “Say, surely my prayer, my sacrifice, my life, and my death are all for Allah—Lord of all worlds” (Qur’an, 6:162). Serving Allah is the ultimate goal of leadership, ensuring that all actions and decisions are made with a clear understanding of accountability to Allah and trust in Him. Another command from Allah underscores this: “If they turn away, [Prophet], say, ‘God is enough for me: there is no god but Him; I put my trust in Him; He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne’” (9:129). Leaders committed to Allah are more likely to prioritize spiritual goals and ethical considerations over personal or political gains, fostering a culture of piety and sincerity.
The Qur’anic principle of critical thinking is fundamental to Muttaqi leadership. Allah commands us to observe, analyze, and study scientifically about beings, cosmological phenomena, and human history, and to ponder the secrets behind their biological and psychological formation. The Quran constantly appeals to humans to use their intellect and reason, and to seek truth. This interdisciplinary focus is essential when solving societal problems and complements the intellectual competency required by Muttaqi leadership.
The Book of Allah highlights the example of Prophet Ibrahim (AS), a great thinker who experienced intellectual anxiety and was deeply concerned for his people’s fate. The Qur’an also illustrates the role of critical debate through the dialogue between Pharaoh and the Muslim man, and Ibrahim’s questioning of his people’s worship of idols. Leaders are encouraged to seek continuous knowledge and expertise and critically evaluate their societies to excel in their roles and ensure their decisions are well-informed and beneficial to the community. This promotes a culture of lifelong learning and intellectual development, essential for addressing modern challenges effectively.
The Qur’anic principle of consultation is fundamental to Muttaqi leadership. Allah says, “And those who have answered the call of their Lord and establish prayer and who conduct their affairs by consultation” (42:38). Incorporating Shura ensures that decision-making processes are inclusive and transparent, promoting a sense of ownership and participation among community members and leading to equitable and just outcomes. Leaders are accountable to Allah and responsive to their constituents’ needs and opinions, fostering unity and cooperation.
The Qur’an encourages values of fairness, empathy, and compassion. “And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from you; so pass over their faults, and ask (Allah’s) Forgiveness for them; and consult them in affairs. Then, when you have made a decision, put your trust in Allah, certainly, Allah loves those who put their trust in Him” (3:159). Prophet Muhammad (SAW) exemplified these values, showing intense concern for his people’s issues and striving to find solutions. This intersection of empathy, mercy, and compassion encourages leaders to create policies and practices that protect the rights and dignity of all individuals, fostering a harmonious and just society.
The Qur’anic principle of human dignity enhances the focus on cooperation and respect in Muttaqi leadership. Leaders are encouraged to value diversity and foster inclusivity, recognizing the worth of every individual. This approach promotes a collaborative and respectful leadership style, breaking down barriers and building stronger, more cohesive communities. This aligns with the Quranic value of diversity and Allah’s command that He created mankind into nations and tribes to understand each other (49:13).
The Qur’anic principle of honesty and moral integrity complements the need for constancy in Muttaqi leadership. The Qur’an commands, “Do not mix truth with falsehood or hide the truth when you know it” (2:42). Leaders are guided to consistently practice virtues such as kindness, honesty, and patience. This ensures that leaders’ actions are predictable and trustworthy, building confidence and reliability within the community. Leaders are encouraged to act justly and transparently, avoiding behaviors that could undermine trust, fostering respect and trust essential for effective leadership and community cohesion.
Qur’anic objectives of unity, respect, sincerity, humility, modesty, knowledge, and remembrance integrate seamlessly with the principles of Muttaqi leadership. This intersection promotes a holistic approach to leadership, where leaders model a comprehensive Islamic way of life, inspiring others to follow their example and fostering a community grounded in strong ethical and spiritual values.
The Qur’anic principle of justice ensures that leaders are aware of and adhere to Islamic behavior codes. “Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those to whom they are due; and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer” (4:58). This promotes wise and fair decision-making grounded in Qur’anic teachings and Sharia regulations, ensuring that leaders’ actions align with the spirit and objectives of Islam.
The Qur’anic commands to fulfill obligations with integrity align with the need for clear expectations in Muttaqi leadership. “O you who believe, enter into Islam wholeheartedly and do not follow the footsteps of Shaytan for he is an avowed enemy” (2:208); and “O you who believe! Fulfill all obligations” (5:1). Leaders are guided to communicate transparently and set clear, achievable goals. This promotes accountability, trust, and a commitment to the holistic nature of leadership.
The Qur’anic principle of ‘wasatiyyah’ provides guidelines for being moderate, just, and balanced in formulating, executing, and evaluating strategies, plans, and activities. The term ‘ummatan wasata’ or ‘moderate and balanced community’ is used in the Qur’an (3:110, 2:143, and 25:67). The principle of moderation and balance supports the approach to coaching, conflict resolution, and collaboration in Muttaqi leadership. Leaders are guided to resolve conflicts with empathy and fairness, fostering a collaborative environment. This ensures that leaders manage conflicts effectively and build strong, cooperative relationships within the community.
The integration of Quranic values, principles, and commands into Muttaqi leadership creates a comprehensive and dynamic framework that enhances the effectiveness and moral agency of leaders. By embodying these principles, Muttaqi leaders are equipped to navigate the complexities of modern society with integrity, wisdom, and compassion. Their actions are guided by a deep sense of accountability to Allah, ensuring that their leadership promotes the well-being and prosperity of all community members. Through continuous learning, critical thinking, and a commitment to ethical conduct, Muttaqi leaders can inspire and lead their communities toward a future that aligns with the ultimate goals of Shariah, fostering a just, harmonious, and thriving society.
this article is written by:
Faruk Hussein (MA -UKZN) Education-consultant and lecturer
Saadia Gani (BA) Hons LLB LLM(Multidisciplinary Human Rights)-Attorney